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The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, Selections Annotated and Explained by Malaspina Great Books Web Editor Russell McNeil PhD
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Russell McNeil, PhD
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In 1862 the English literary critic and poet Matthew Arnold described Marcus Aurelius as "the most beautiful figure in history." The Stoicism of Aurelius is grounded in rationality and rests solidly on an ethical approach rooted in nature. Stoicism promises real happiness and joy in this life and a serenity that can never be soured by personal misfortune. This philosophy has universal appeal with practical implications on problems ranging from climate change and terrorism to the personal management of sickness, aging, depression and addiction. I truly believe that the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius has much to offer us now...(Click on book cover for more)

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Category:Science
Ancient Science
Name:Ahmes and the Rhind Papyrus - Math Series
Birth Year:1680 BCE
Death Year:1620 BCE
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Ahmes was the Egyptian scribe who wrote the Rhind Papyrus. The papyrus is our chief source of information on Egyptian mathematics. The papyrus is named after a young Scottish antiquary named A. Henry Rhind who purchased the papyrus at Luxor in 1858. The papyrus is said to have been found in the ruins of a small ancient building at Thebes. The scroll originally had measured 18 feet by 13 inches.

The scroll was a practical handbook of Egyptian mathematics. It contains 85 problems, exhibiting the use of fractions, the solution of simple equations and progressions, and the mensuration of areas and volumes. One of the problems reads as follows [1]: "Divide 100 loaves among 5 men in such a way that the shares received shall be in arithmetical progression and that one seventh (1/7) of the sum of the largest three shares shall be equal to the sum of the smallest two. What is the difference of the shares?"

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[1] Newman, James R., The World of Mathematics, Vol. 1, The Rhind Papyrus, p. 170-178, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1956

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This web page is part of a biographical database on Great Ideas. These are living ideas that have shaped, defined and directed world culture for over 2,500 years. By definition the Great Ideas are radical. As such they are sometimes misread, or distorted by popular simplifications. Understanding a Great Idea demands personal engagement. Our selection of Great Ideas is drawn from literature and philosophy, science, art, music, theatre, and cinema. We also include biographies of pivotal historical and religious figures, as well as contributions from women and other historically under-represented minorities. The result is an integrated multi-cultural and multi-disciplinary database built upon the framework of the always controversial Great Books Core List published in 1940 by the late Great Books Pioneer Mortimer Adler (1902-2001). Most of the works on that list are available in the 60 volume Great Books of the Western World.

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