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Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007)
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Karlheinz Stockhausen (August 22, 1928 - 2007) is a modern composer. Born in Burg Modarath, near Cologne (German: Koln), he studied at the Cologne Musikhochschule and University (1947-51), at Darmstadt in 1951 and with Messiaen in Paris (1951-53). From 1954 to 1956, at the University of Bonn, he studied phonetics, acoustics, and information theory and composition. After lecturing at the contemporary music seminars at Darmstadt (1957), Stockhausen gave lectures and concerts in Europe and North America. Stockhausen has worked with serial and electronic procedures, with spatial placements of sound sources, and with graphical notation. Stockhausen is unconcerned with musical tradition and his work is influenced by Messiaen and Webern. He claims that he explores fundamental psychological and acoustic aspects of music. Despite his interest in electronic music he gives performers a large role in determining certain 'parameters' of a composition. In Zyklus for example, the score is written so that the performance can start on any page, and it may be read upside down, or from right to left, or not, as the performer chooses. In most of his works, elements are played off against one another, simultaneously and successively: in Kontrapunkte (1953) pairs of instruments and extremes of note values "confront" one another; in Gruppen (1959) fanfares and passages of varying speed are flung between three full orchestras, giving the impression of movement in space. Stockhausen has written over 200 individual works. Since 1977 he has been working on a single enormous opera in seven parts, entitled Licht. In the early 90's he gained access to all the recordings of his music he had made to that point, and began his own record company to make this music permanently available on compact disc. He also designs and prints his own musical scores. [This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License and uses material adapted in whole or in part from the Wikipedia article on Karlheinz Stockhausen.]
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